1896 Pieter Zeeman studies the splitting of sodium D lines when sodium is held in a flame between strong magnetic poles.1896 Antoine Henri Becquerel discovers the radioactivity of uranium.1895 William Ramsay discovers terrestrial helium by spectroscopically analyzing gas produced by decaying uranium.1894 Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay discover argon by spectroscopically analyzing the gas left over after nitrogen and oxygen are removed from air.1887 Heinrich Hertz discovers the photoelectric effect.1885 Johann Balmer finds a mathematical expression for observed hydrogen line wavelengths.1873 Johannes van der Waals introduces the idea of weak attractive forces between molecules.1871 Dmitri Mendeleyev systematically examines the periodic table and predicts the existence of gallium, scandium, and germanium.1839 Alexandre Edmond Becquerel discovered the photovoltaic effect.1832 Michael Faraday states his laws of electrolysis.1811 Amedeo Avogadro claims that equal volumes of gases should contain equal numbers of molecules.
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